Third Time is a Charm
As we head full steam into the fourth quarter of 2025, we are celebrating the third birthday of the current Bull Market, which began in October of 2022. It has been an impressive rally, with the S&P 500 gaining about 85% over these 36 months. The new highs in the major averages have been a part of our daily conversations recently, which eventually leads to concern as to whether the good times can continue to roll. There is even a persistent question of whether we are in a “bubble” or not. So, what is an investor to think? Here are two cases to consider…
Bullish Case.
Bulls may point to the fact that the average bull market lasts about 4 1/2 years, giving legs to this rally as momentum is in their favor. The Fed has become accommodative, lowering interest rates twice and leaving an open door for more to come, which is like cat nip to Wall Street investors. Earnings have been solid and better than expected, but with some clouds forming around future projections. The AI build-out is incredibly powerful, combining hundreds of billions of Capex spending with the potential for real productivity gains. Seasonally, the fourth quarter has historically been a positive period for stocks and higher tax refunds could stimulate the economy in the first quarter of 2026.
Bearish Case.
Stock valuations are getting extended, primarily in the large cap tech arena, whose issues have dominated the overall index returns over the last three years. AI spending, for example MSFT, GOOG, and META alone, are committed to spending $80 billion per quarter on the build-out, needs to be monitored as to whether it is still coming from cash flow or are firms beginning to take on higher levels of corporate debt. And what is the level of cross dealing, as the large tech firms buy and make deals with each other. With respect to interest rates, long-term rates are staying stubbornly higher, and inflation continues to also remain stubbornly higher, with both indicators beginning to really curtail consumer purchasing power. Finally, government shutdowns, aggressive new tariff policies, and political divides are creating a sense of unease for business leaders trying to make investments for the future.
Given this backdrop, we continue to recommend that clients and their money managers review and build portfolios that can weather periods of volatility and provide the returns and income expected during each market cycle. While we cannot predict short term swings in the markets, we can focus on these three things…manage the risk of the portfolio through diversification, selection, and income, manage the costs, and to also, maybe most importantly, manage the financial plan. Here’s to a great, dare I say it, holiday season and to healthy and prosperous years to come.
Footsteps & Finances
In our family group chat, I have been inserted into a “million step challenge” that began on June 1st and runs throughout the summer, ending on August 31st. What this means is that over this 92-day period, everyone needs to walk 10,869 steps per day to get to one million steps. It is summer, so it is an achievable goal with some extra effort. On one of my recent walks, I began to think about what would a “billion step challenge” look like? Thanks to AI, I calculated that 10,869 steps per day would take about 250 years to meet the challenge, three months versus 250 years! Finally, what does a “trillion step challenge” mean to a dutiful walker? At 10,869 steps per day, it would take approximately 250,000 years to reach the goal!!
The reason I mention this is that these huge numbers that get tossed around Washington, Albany and Wall Street are truly unfathomable to the human mind. A $3 trillion dollar deficit here, a $37 trillion debt there, and a $1 trillion yearly interest payment become just numbers. On a positive note, the recently passed “Big Beautiful Bill”, put the government deficit squarely into the public eye, and going forward we will have to address this economic time bomb possibly through GDP growth combined with lower spending, at the very least. Finally, today Nvidia became the first $4 trillion dollar company, followed closely by Microsoft. The law of large numbers can potentially make it increasingly difficult for these tech behemoths and their brethren to keep growth rates at the same pace.
As for markets, we are halfway through 2025 with US stocks showing solid gains and we are at all-time highs for the S&P 500 and Nasdaq. International stocks have rallied significantly year to date, even in the face of tough tariff talk, providing the basis that strategic diversification in a portfolio can be an essential management tool. Gold and Bitcoin have been strong, and the bond market is behaving, with a possible rate cut in September still on the horizon. We continue to believe that a well-diversified portfolio that combines growth, with income from dividends and fixed income, that is also managed for risk, will serve us well over the many market cycles coming in the years ahead. If it means using a flashlight to get one more walk with the dogs at night to get some more steps in or consistently adding extra money to an investment account when it is available, being long-term goal oriented has proven to be an effective way to achieve success. We want to thank you for your confidence in our firm, and we look forward to speaking with you directly over the days and months to come. Enjoy the summer!
The Power of Diversification in a Volatile Market
The first quarter is over for 2025. We started off the year with a positive January (which has historically boded well for the full year) followed by new record highs in mid-February. Then the proverbial wheels fell off, and we just booked the worst quarter for US stocks since 2022. This early action does prove two things, first, markets can go up and down, which is a reminder after two consecutive years of 20% plus growth in the S&P 500. Secondly, in a global economy, money tends to flow to where it is treated best, which again makes the case for portfolio diversification.
Market participants all expected some volatility to begin the year as the new White House Administration charged ahead with their aggressive initiatives. Another thing likely proven then is that equity markets typically do not like uncertainty, and we are now living in Uncertainty Land. For the record, the S&P 500 is down by about 4.6%, the Nasdaq has fallen close to 10% (and is in correction territory), and the venerable Dow is lower by about 1.5%. Tech stocks are now a bit out of fashion.
Quietly, while all eyes remain fixed on US stocks, other markets have done surprisingly well. In fact, the performance divergence between the S&P 500 and international stocks, represented by the EAFE index, may be one of the widest ever as the EAFE is up about 10% year to date. In the background, interest rates are trending lower, and the bond market (US Aggregate index) is up about 2.5%. The recent losses in the more aggressive stock indexes have been somewhat muted by gains in asset classes like international and fixed income. Our final proof then is that a well-diversified portfolio, designed to withstand periods of volatility, can be a potent tool to help investors stay on course with their financial plan.
Looking ahead, the possibility of turmoil and potential trade wars has sparked a transformation of European economies. For example, Germany has initiated over 1 trillion (Euros) in new infrastructure and defense spending and has triggered similar stimulus spreading throughout Europe. This government spending combined with low equity valuations, could be a recipe for money flowing to where it is treated best. We appreciate your continued support and confidence in our firm, and we look forward to discussing the design of your portfolio and how we can help you to achieve your financial goals.
Confidence Sells
There is an adage that says, “confidence sells” and Wall Street is confidently in a sales mode right now. For the record, the S&P 500 closed out the fourth quarter of 2024 with a 20%+ gain, which marks the second straight year of twenty percent gains. This is interesting because it has only happened two other times in the last hundred or so years, 1935 and 1936 (followed by a 39% drop in 1937) and then in the years 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 (1999 was very close to being up 20%). Not to be outdone, the tech heavy Nasdaq, led by the magnificent 7, rallied about 30%. In addition, Gold and Bitcoin both made new record highs, small cap stocks bounced, and Apple moved towards a $4 trillion dollar valuation. With 2024 now in the books then, what does the future hold for investors in the year or years to come?
If we look back at the previously mentioned period of the mid-nineties, those incredible gains, year after year, were due in large part to the world transitioning to the internet and a new technology driven society. The question then becomes, with AI obviously the headline in 2024, is this new technology the next big thing. We believe there is more to this story, both good and bad, which could potentially stimulate the economy and financial markets as we head into 2025. We also have a Fed that has dropped interest rates by a percentage point which could be supportive to stocks and bonds. Finally, on the political front there is a sense that we could have less corporate regulation and possibly lower taxes that could help companies meet the consensus of 15% earnings growth.
On the negative side, stock valuations by several standards are looking rich. The threat of a trade war with China, et al could also weigh on the markets, as would a wide variety of other political and economic events. We continue to review and position portfolios to benefit when the markets do well and to withstand those periods of time when the market either pauses to refresh or as can often happen when confidence is high, suddenly and violently revert to the mean. As for confidence, we truly appreciate your confidence in our firm, and we want to wish everyone a healthy and prosperous 2025 and beyond.
What the Bond Market is Telling Us
A solid third quarter for investors, particularly when it comes to equities, was punctuated by a decrease in interest rates by the Fed, with a big one-half percentage point drop. As the economy continues to expand at a surprising rate, along with near record low unemployment, it feels like an elusive “soft landing” may have been achieved. Prominent in this thesis is that inflation has finally been tamed and all systems are green lit to go. But what is the bond market telling us?
Clinton strategist James Carville once said “I used to think that if there was reincarnation, I wanted to come back as the President or the Pope or as a .400 baseball hitter. But now I would want to come back as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.” Well, the bond market is speaking…since reaching a near-term low in September of about 3.5%, the ten-year interest rate has gone up to over 4.36% on the eve of the 2024 election. As a public service reminder, the Fed controls short term rates while the bond market controls the rates that matter with respect to mortgages and long-term borrowings. Note, the prime rate is 8% prior to the next FOMC meeting on 11-7-24.
One of the key issues, which has been barely spoken about by either political party this election season, is the significant amount of debt in the US and around the world. We can avoid talking about it, kind of like some of your family members, but it is still out there. As a nation, we are currently carrying about $68 trillion in debt, with about $36 trillion of it issued by the US government. If we suppose that at an average of 6%, the debt coverage then translates to about $4 trillion a year. If we follow the bouncing ball, the debt coverage is about 14% of our annual GDP. Ultimately, Inflation may be stickier than expected and our portfolios should reflect this.
Looking ahead and through the fourth quarter, we do expect some volatility that could be muted by solid quarterly earnings and a dovish Fed. The largest tech firms continue to be firmly committed to expanding their AI offerings and could provide equity support. As for interest rates, we are positioning portfolios to benefit from current yields while simultaneously trying to manage the risk of interest rates dancing to their own tune. We look forward to speaking with you as we head towards the end of 2024 and beyond and we thank you for your continued confidence in our firm.
Sticking The Landing
As the Olympics play out in Paris this summer, we can witness extremely gifted athletes excel in a countless number of events. As usual, special attention is given to the high-flying gymnasts that can stick incredible landings. On Wall Street, the most important landing of late is whether the economy can have the elusive “soft-landing” after a stretch of Fed tightening and higher interest rates. With the economy only adding 114,000 jobs in July and the unemployment rate moving up to 4.3% (after bottoming at 3.4% last year), there has been some recent concern for the economy, reflected by a relatively short, but dramatic, sell-off to begin August.
We believe that the soft-landing scenario is still intact as the economy continues to prove to be quite resilient. First, profit reporting from the previous quarter has been strong, with earnings up about 10.9% from a year ago. This gain in earnings appears to be driven by margin expansion as opposed to revenue growth. Also, according to JPMorgan, 8 out of 11 sectors are expected to contribute to this earnings growth, led once again by AI related capex. Finally, the Fed has indicated that they are ready to lower interest rates beginning in September, which has historically given support to equity prices.
On a cautionary note, inflation looks to be rather persistent with several initiatives that could promote higher costs. The deglobalization of industry, bringing manufacturing back home, typically done using aggressive tariffs, may be inflationary. Transforming our energy and infrastructure could also be seen as adding costs for the nation. Inflation is an insidious tax on the middle and lower classes, and there has been some cutting back from consumers. Recent earnings from McDonalds, Starbucks, and Chipotle for example, indicate that people are budgeting more and that may eventually affect the overall economy.
Seven months into the year financial markets continue to stride higher led by the Nasdaq (+16%) and the S&P 500 (+15%). In general, fixed income is positive for the year now, if just barely. As we deal with many geopolitical headlines in the weeks and months to come, it is as important as ever that investors establish a game plan to not only meet and exceed personal goals, but also to manage risk and expectations that can keep the plan on track.
“I don’t really think about the degree of difficulty or the possibility of making a mistake. I just try to relax and let my preparation and training take over.”
— Simone Biles
